Health & Education

CLINICAL THINKING AS A COMPONENT OF COGNITIVE ACTIVITY IN MEDICAL STUDENTS

2025-06-03T12:53:48+03:00

Successful development of clinical reasoning requires a combination of theoretical knowledge with practical experience, allowing students to apply their knowledge in real clinical scenarios. The development of clinical reasoning involves the ability of a physician to make decisions based on available information to achieve the most favorable outcome.An important aspect is teaching students to recognize and avoid cognitive biases that can lead to inaccurate judgments and diagnostic errors. Clinical reasoning also involves the integration of critical thinking to identify the most appropriate medical interventions aimed at improving the physiological and psychological state of the patient. Systemic development of clinical reasoning contributes to the professional creative activity of the physician, which is the basis for effective diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment strategy selection.In addition, the implementation of simulation technologies and virtual reality in the educational process can significantly improve clinical reasoning skills, allowing students to practice decision-making in a safe and controlled environment. The importance of an interdisciplinary approach in education is emphasized, encouraging students to collaborate and share knowledge with specialists from various medical specialties for a comprehensive understanding of clinical cases. Also, special attention should be paid to developing effective communication skills with patients and their families, which is critical for collecting medical history, building trust, and making joint decisions about treatment. It is also necessary to emphasize the importance of continuous professional development and self-education, as medical science is constantly evolving, and physicians need to be aware of the latest research and clinical guidelines. The introduction of mentorship programs, where experienced physicians share their knowledge and experience with young professionals, also contributes to the development of clinical reasoning and the formation of professional identity. It is also important to integrate the assessment of clinical reasoning into the student certification system to ensure continuous improvement of these skills. This includes the use of standardized clinical exams, analysis of clinical cases, and evaluation of students’ ability to reasonably justify their decisions.

FORMATION OF COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN MEDICAL COLLEGE STUDENTS ON THE BASIS OF A PERSONALITY- ORIENTED APPROACH

2025-06-03T14:23:36+03:00

The requirements for the competence of a modern specialist are determined by the digitalization of social processes, the rapid development of information and communication technologies and the active dynamics of the labor market. The professional competence of future graduates of medical colleges is determined not only by “hard” professional skills, but also by “soft” skills, in which special attention is paid to communication skills. The purpose of the article is to analyze the processes of forming communication competencies in medical students based on the principles of a personality-oriented approach. The basic communication skills necessary for the successful future professional realization of students in medical colleges in the current labor market conditions are investigated. The theoretical and methodological foundations of the formation of communication skills on the basis of a personality-oriented approach are systematized. The necessity of improving students’ digital skills as an integral part of the modern communication process is substantiated. The dynamics of digital skills by type among the adult population for the period 2019–2023 and the level of use of information systems in the national educational space during this period are analyzed. The main pedagogical technologies for the formation of digital communication skills for the professional competence of a modern specialist, including social media, data analysis, etc. are highlighted. It is proved that the involvement of the potential of information and communication technologies within the framework of a personality-oriented approach contributes to the formation of critical thinking skills, mobility, social and cross-cultural competence.

VISUALIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE: THE ROLE OF VIDEO FORMATS IN TEACHING CHEMICAL DISCIPLINES TO FUTURE DOCTORS

2025-06-03T14:35:51+03:00

The integration of video lesson formats in teaching chemical subjects to learners in medicine and its bearing on the quality of learning is the focus of this article. The paper rests on scientific literature, practical teachings, and students’ testing scores. It discusses the methods and techniques used in video lessons and offers recommendations for maximizing the use of video materials in the instructional process in order to increase students’ motivation as well as academic achievement. The results of the research indicated that video content broadened the scope of assistance offered in the teaching of chemistry subjects to medical university students. Students appreciated the chance to learn complex topics through the use of experimentation and virtual reality. YouTube and Microsoft Teams allow easy access to materials and their use in independent learning. In addition, the survey showed that there is a notable need for supplemental videos for students’ preparation for practical work.Using a variety of video materials creates interest in students and enhances their academic achievement. It has been established that students learn best when they participate in interactive educational activities, such as digital laboratory experiments presented in the form of videos helps enhancing their analytical skills and deepening their comprehension of the practical aspects of chemistry. The use of video materials also simplifies instructors’ preparation for practical lessons in a distance learning format. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of interactive elements in video content, such as quizzes and annotations, which further engage students and reinforce key concepts.Further integration of technology into the educational process will enable the development of even more effective approaches to distance learning, which is especially crucial in the face of modern challenges, including martial law and the increasing demand for flexible learning solutions. The study concludes that a blended approach, combining traditional teaching methods with innovative video-based tools, can significantly enhance the overall educational experience for medical students.

LEGAL AND REGULATORY BASIS OF THE PRAXEOLOGICAL COMPETENCE FORMATION PROCESS OF FUTURE MASTERS IN DENTISTRY

2025-06-03T15:03:18+03:00

The article deals with the legal aspects of the process of praxeological competence formation of future masters in dentistry. The practical training of a future doctor is a multi-level and multi-component process, which consists of the preclinical part based on modern simulation learning technology and work with a real patients. The vast majority of students are not satisfied with the level of practical training in a medical institution of higher education. But future doctors don`t pay enough attention for the problem of legal responsibility in this part of their education. As the monitoring of the research problem showed, the awareness of future masters in dentistry, at least partial, about the legislative framework that regulates their practical training is extremely low. Students do not have information about their own rights and obligations in the process of clinical work, the consequences of violating the requirements for the protection of patient rights, do not sign any documents on the preservation of the medical confidentiality and current information about the patient, do not realize the urgency of the requirement to work only under the guidance of an authorized person. At the same time, the modernization of higher education requires clarification of the current legislative framework, which indicates the permitting acts that provide future doctors with the acquisition of clinical work experience to fulfill the requirements of the State Educational Standard. Among them are the mastery of quite complex manipulations, skills for which, according to students opinion, cannot be provided only on the basis of training at simulative learning technology.Based on the analysis of the available scholarly sources was have been found documents that regulate practical training and the formation of praxeological competence of MMC in the legislative field.Also have been identified problems that require further resolution.

POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME: NEW APPROACHES TO DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

2025-06-03T15:09:12+03:00

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age. It is a multifaceted disease that affects various aspects of health, including reproductive function, metabolism, and psycho- emotional state. The main manifestations of PCOS are menstrual disorders, hirsutism, obesity, ovulation disorders, and increased blood androgen levels. In cases where the disease is not diagnosed and treated in time, PCOS can lead to infertility, metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.Recently, scientific advances in medicine have made it possible to improve methods of diagnosing and treating this disease. Modern imaging methods are widely used to diagnose PCOS, including ultrasound diagnostics, which can detect characteristic changes in the ovaries, as well as laboratory tests of hormone levels. The key to diagnosis is a comprehensive approach that includes not only clinical manifestations but also determination of insulin levels and lipid profile.The modern approach to the treatment of PCOS is focused on individualizing therapy depending on clinical manifestations and comorbidities. Treatment includes drug therapy aimed at restoring normal ovulation, reducing androgen levels, and correcting metabolic disorders. Particular attention is paid to the use of combined oral contraceptives, antiandrogenic drugs, and insulin resistance, which is one of the main causes of PCOS. In addition, an important aspect is the correction of nutrition and physical activity, which contributes to weight loss, improvement of metabolic parameters and restoration of the menstrual cycle.Modern studies in the treatment of PCOS include the use of inosinopyrimidine drugs and insulin sensitizers. The latest methods of genetic therapy and the use of biotechnological drugs also open up opportunities for treatment in the future.

TIME MANAGEMENT AS A METHOD OF IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF MEDICAL PERSONNEL

2025-06-03T15:15:54+03:00

Time management occupies one of the key roles in the management of enterprises in any industry, and effective time management is the way to success. That is why the purpose of this work is to analyze the theoretical and methodological aspects of time management, as well as to improve approaches and practical recommendations for the implementation of time management technologies in the work of medical workers under increased workload. An analysis of the impact of rational time management on the efficiency of medical personnel was carried out by questionnaires of doctors and patients, as well as the level of dynamics of the indicator of operational activity in surgical departments after trainings.In the course of the study, the following methods of time management were used: the Eisenhower Matrix method, the Pomodoro method, method GTD(Getting Things Done), ABC-method, the 3–2–1–0 formula, the «found time» technique and many others.For healthcare professionals, a combination of several time management techniques is best because their work is dynamic, unpredictable, and requires quick decision-making. However, the employees of the health care institution noted the Eisenhower Matrix method and ABC analysis as the most optimal for application in this area. The use of the above methods increased patient satisfaction, reduced the shortcomings in the distribution of working hours of medical workers, reduced the risks of professional burnout, and also increased the level of functioning of the operating unit by 37.14 %.Taking into account all the obtained results and data, practical recommendations were developed regarding the key principles of effective time management: rational division of cases into urgent, important, secondary and those that can be delegated; use of digital technologies to optimize the work process; clear separation of working and free time, which allows you to avoid exhaustion.

INTEGRATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL COMPONENTS “LATIN LANGUAGE AND MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY” AND “ENGLISH FOR PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES” AS A TOOL FOR FORMING PROFESSIONAL-LINGUISTIC COMPETENCES OF MEDICAL STUDENTS

2025-06-03T15:26:25+03:00

At the current stage of development of medical education in Ukraine, in the conditions of integration into the world educational and information space, its focus on international standards actualizes the problem of improving the quality of training of medical specialists. The high-quality training of a medical worker involves the use of an integrated approach to the formation of an integrated system of knowledge, abilities, skills and professionally significant qualities, which indicates the relevance of the integration of the educational components “Latin language and medical terminology” and “English for professional purposes” in the process of training medical students.The aim of the research is to reveal the essence of interdisciplinary integration and justify its necessity in teaching Latin and English in medical universities. Possession of international medical terminology and a foreign language at the communication level is an important factor in raising the general educational and professional levels of training of doctors and pharmacists. The main directions of implementation of interdisciplinary integration are the clear definition of its tasks and the search for optimal ways of implementation of interdisciplinary integration of Latin and English languages; revealing the integrative potential of the Latin language, using the latest teaching techniques; improving the content of education, creating an arsenal of possible forms and methods of education; use of comparative teaching methods, skills of recognizing cognate words; performing exercises on defining Latin-Greek word-forming elements (prefixes, suffixes), interpreting the etymology and semantics of Latin medical terms, as well as practicing the skills of correct spelling and pronunciation; directing the work of teachers to ensure interdepartmental interaction; quality update of educational and methodological materials, in which Latin and English become means of learning and getting information, as well as a tool for consolidating abilities and skills, expanding the scope of use of acquired knowledge.

USING THE PROJECT METHOD IN THE STUDY OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY BY FUTURE MASTERS OF PHARMACY

2025-06-03T15:31:23+03:00

Today, key aspects in teaching chemistry to students of the Pharmaceutical Faculty are the high interest and involvement of students in the educational material. Pharmaceutical education requires new approaches to teaching chemical disciplines, including Organic Chemistry, as a fundamental discipline within which future Masters of Pharmacy have to acquire a number of basic competencies that are necessary for further professional growth in the chosen field of pharmacy.The issue of effective use of modern teaching methods is relevant, one of which is the project method, which involves students in learning new material in an active way. This method can be successfully combined with traditional teaching methods and used in classroom, distance, or blended learning. The project method has a number of advantages, one of which is promoting better assimilation of the material because to complete such a task, the student has to delve deeply into the chosen topic. Independent search for information, its analysis, processing and generalization, and solving specific problems contribute to the development of critical thinking and cognitive activity during the study of Organic Chemistry.This method requires students to be focused, thoughtful, research-based, and creative, as well as a sufficient amount of time and effort. In turn, the teacher plays the role of a consultant who guides the student during the preparation of the educational project. When implementing projects, students use information technologies and online tools, which affects the formation of relevant competencies.This publication describes the project method in the study of Organic Chemistry by future Masters of Pharmacy, and a step-by-step scheme for implementing individual educational projects within the framework of the experiment was developed; the features of implementing a project-oriented approach in the study of Organic Chemistry by students of the Pharmaceutical Faculty and its possible impact on the formation of competencies were revealed.

THE EFFECT OF BALANCE TRAINING ON FUNCTIONAL MOBILITY AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

2025-06-03T12:09:09+03:00

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common chronic disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Balance impairment is one of the most common consequences of MS, leading to impaired mobility, increased risk of falls, and a poorer quality of life for people with the disease. Balance training is an important part of rehabilitation programs for MS, but the optimal methods and parameters of such training have not been determined. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of different methods of balance training on functional mobility and quality of life in patients with MS. The study design was a randomized clinical non-blinded trial comparing the effectiveness of physical therapy programs using different methods of balance training for people with MS. The study involved 57 patients with MS who were randomly assigned to two groups – an intervention group and a comparison group. In the intervention group, a physical therapy program using the Neurac neuromuscular activation method was implemented, and in the comparison group, a physical therapy program using conventional exercises to develop balance and coordination was used. The Rivermead Mobility Index and the World Health Organization Short Form Quality of Life Questionnaire were used to assess outcome measures.Reassessment was conducted 21 days after the start of rehabilitation interventions. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the Neurac therapy physical therapy program for people with MS demonstrated a statistically significant effect size for functional mobility and quality of life in the intervention group compared to the group that used conventional balance exercises. A physical therapy program using the Neurac therapy method contributed to clinically significant changes in functional mobility and quality of life for patients with MS, while in the intervention group clinically significant changes were observed only for functional mobility. These results open up prospects for further studies of the long-term efficacy of the Neurac technique in patients with MS.

ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING IN CHILDREN: THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES IN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY

2025-06-03T12:13:08+03:00

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a leading cause of childhood disability, affecting 1 in 500 newborns globally.Hemiparesis, a common form of CP, limits upper limb function and impacts activities of daily living (ADL). Constraint- induced movement therapy (CIMT) is a proven intervention for improving motor function, promoting greater independence.This study evaluates the effectiveness of modified CIMT (mCIMT) in enhancing hand function and ADL performance in children with unilateral CP.Methods: A systematic review was conducted to analyze mCIMT protocols, focusing on therapy duration, immobilization methods, and age-related outcomes. Key indicators assessed included motor improvements, ADL proficiency, and quality of life.Results: mCIMT significantly improves ADL performance, enhancing self-care skills, grasping function, and bimanual coordination. Recent studies (e.g., Tanabe et al., 2025; Reidy et al., 2023) show notable gains in PDMS-2, PEDI, and PMAL scores (p < 0.01) in children 6–8 years old, with a threefold increase in affected hand use. Hybrid and home-based CIMT models demonstrate comparable efficacy to clinic-based interventions, improving therapy accessibility.Discussion: Research suggests that mCIMT, especially when combined with bimanual training, leads to superior outcomes. Higher therapy doses and shaping techniques are particularly beneficial for older children. Task-oriented and engaging rehabilitation strategies enhance participation and motivation, maximizing treatment benefits.Conclusion: mCIMT is a highly effective rehabilitation method, improving ADL, upper limb function, and independence in children with CP. Further research is needed to standardize intervention protocols and explore long-term effects, ensuring sustained improvements and broader therapy accessibility.

THE USE OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN PHYSICAL THERAPY: THE IMPACT OF ROBOTIC SYSTEMS ON REHABILITATION AFTER INJURIES OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

2025-06-03T12:18:16+03:00

Advances in robotics and artificial intelligence have opened up new perspectives for motor rehabilitation, giving hope for more effective and personalized treatment. Robotic systems, from exoskeletons to end-effector-assisted training devices, provide unprecedented levels of precision, repeatability, and adaptability in traditional therapy, promise significant improvements, and provide sensory and motor feedback. They play a crucial role in providing visual, auditory and tactile feedback to patients. More importantly, they allow for controlled and personalized therapeutic exercises adapted to the progress and needs of each patient. This contributes to a more effective individual recovery. The article examines the influence of innovative technologies, in particular robotic systems, on the effectiveness of physical therapy and rehabilitation of patients after injuries to the musculoskeletal system. Modern approaches to the use of exoskeletons, robotic hands, personal assistants, and brain-computer interfaces in motor rehabilitation of upper and lower limbs were studied. The advantages of such technologies are analyzed, including their ability to provide precision movements, individual approach and interactive feedback, and barriers to their implementation are identified, including high cost, the need for staff training, and limited access to equipment. The article provides recommendations for optimizing the use of robotic systems in physical therapy in order to improve treatment results, reduce the duration of rehabilitation, and improve the quality of life of patients. An important aspect is the continuation of research aimed at improving robotic systems, developing strategies for their effective use, and increasing accessibility for various population groups.The successful solution of these tasks will open the way to the transformation of approaches in motor rehabilitation, significantly improve the results of treatment, contribute to the social integration of people with impaired motor functions and increase their quality of life.

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL REHABILITATION OF POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDERS OF COMBATANTS IN THE SITUATION OF WAR IN UKRAINE

2025-06-03T12:23:21+03:00

The purpose of our research is to show the ways of psychological and physiological rehabilitation of post-traumatic stress disorders of combatants in the situations of war in Ukraine.Methods of the research. The following theoretical methods of the research were used to solve the tasks formulated in the article: a categorical method, structural and functional methods, the methods of the analysis, systematization, modeling, generalization.Results and their discussion. There are following areas of psycho-physiological activity of military units, which are distinguished to ensure the necessary psychological stability of combatants: patriotic education and maintenance of fighting spirit of the person; in a military situation there are failures of our troops and human losses, which are possible, therefore it is important not only to compensate for negative emotions, but also to restore the fighting spirit of soldiers, to predict possible changes in people’s mood in any days; a positive role in creating a favorable psychological atmosphere in a military unit and raising morale and fighting spirit are played by thoughtful and timely stimulation of military activities of soldiers.Conclusions. In order to improve the effectiveness and timeliness of providing psychological assistance to combatants who have suffered military mental trauma and their psychological rehabilitation in military situations, a military psychologist must take into account such aspects, as: training senior military groups, sergeants and officers to recognize post-traumatic stress disorder reactions and respond to them correctly, providing the simplest first aid and a great support; identifying servicemen with acute post-traumatic stress disorder reactions and sending them to the rear for inpatient recovery or treatment of combatants; creating points for providing primary psychological and physiological assistance and support in places where servicemen rest or units rotate.

THE EFFECT OF COMORBIDITY ON FUNCTIONING AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN

2025-06-03T12:29:14+03:00

Pain is the most common complaint that is addressed to specialists of various medical profiles. Chronic pain is considered as a complex interaction of biological, psychological and social factors. Chronic low back pain is the main cause of impaired functioning among people of working age and has a tendency to increase among this patient population.Approaches to the management of chronic low back pain are based on the principles of the biopsychosocial model and require detailing not only the pain status but also the factors that have a negative impact on its course. It is known that comorbidities are a factor in the chronicization of pain and can further complicate the course of this condition.Objective. To assess the prevalence of comorbidities and the impact of comorbidity on quality of life and functioning in patients with chronic low back pain. Materials and methods of the study. To achieve this goal, a survey of 108 people with chronic nonspecific low back pain, aged 18-60 years, was conducted. The survey included: socio-demographic and anthropometric data, lifestyle data, physical activity level data, pain status assessment, assessment of comorbidities, quality of life assessment, and impairment assessment. Results of the study. It was found that among the study subjects, comorbidities were observed in 57 % of cases, among the comorbidities the most common were: 31 % musculoskeletal system diseases, 28 % cardiovascular system diseases, 16 % gastrointestinal system diseases. Patients with chronic low back pain and comorbidity had significantly higher age (p < 0.001), weight (p < 0.05), BMI (p < 0.01), VAS pain intensity (p < 0.01), lower FA (p < 0.05), physical and mental components of quality of life (p < 0.05) and significantly worse functioning (p < 0.001) compared to those without comorbidities. Conclusions. The majority of subjects with chronic low back pain have comorbidities that lead to a significant deterioration in functioning, decreased quality of life, especially in the scales of physical functioning, mental health, pain, and general health.

PHYSICAL THERAPY OF KNEE JOINT AFTER ARTHROSCOPIC RECONSTRUCTION OF THE MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT (CLINICAL CASE)

2025-06-03T12:35:14+03:00

Introduction. The article is dedicated to rehabilitation in patients after reconstruction of the medial collateral ligament of the knee joint. The research is a part of department research topic: “Physical therapy and prevention of injuries and diseases in athletes” 0122U200927. Aim: to substantiate the program of physical therapy after reconstruction of the medial collateral ligament of knee joint and to prove its effectiveness. Methods: objective methods of evaluation according to the ICF, namely, ROM, VAS, valgus load test, MMT, KOOS were used. Result. The paper presents an individual rehabilitation program (IRP) created according to the needs determined by ICF, which includes therapeutic exercises for relaxation, balancing and coordination, exercises for functional recovery and improvement of motor skills, as well as exercises to strengthen the muscles of the lower extremity, therapeutic massage, physiotherapy, mechanotherapy and kinesiotaping. Considering the patient's recovery period and his/her movement regimen, this program helps to restore physical performance, reduce pain and return to professional activity. Most of the knee joint functions have been restored. The results of the valgus load test and MMT also showed achievement of sufficient joint stability and flexor muscle strength. The patient has returned to his usual daily activities and performs most exercises without pain and discomfort, constantly increasing the load in accordance with recommendations. During specialized loads of higher intensity, the athlete continues to experience moderate pain, which necessitates continued rehabilitation.Conclusions. The effectiveness of IRP in the patient who underwent MCL reconstruction has been confirmed. Most knee joint functions returned to the previous level in full. The results of this study may establish optimal physical therapy strategies for patients after similar surgical interventions, contributing to the improvement of their physical functioning and quality of life.

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY FOR ELDERLY PEOPLE WITH WAR TRAUMA

2025-06-03T12:42:15+03:00

Relevance. In the context of the increasing number of elderly individuals who have suffered injuries during the russian-ukrainian war, ergotherapy is becoming particularly relevant. It contributes to restoring functional independence, improving the quality of life, and facilitating the social reintegration of patients. Ergotherapists assist in regaining lost skills, adapting to new living conditions, and ensuring maximum autonomy in daily activities. The application of ergotherapy in the rehabilitation of elderly individuals with war-related injuries is an important area of modern rehabilitation that requires further research and implementation in practice.Objective – to determine the main directions and strategies of ergotherapeutic approaches in restoring functional independence in elderly individuals who have experienced war-related trauma.Materials and methods. A comprehensive approach was employed in the study to identify the main directions and strategies of ergotherapeutic interventions aimed at restoring functional independence in elderly individuals affected by war trauma. The methodology included a systematic review of scientific literature, analysis of current ergotherapy programs, and expert surveys among practicing ergotherapists.Results. The study identified several key areas for the development of occupational therapy aimed a trestoring the functional independence of older people who have suffered war trauma. These include training of specialists, logistical support, regulatory framework and funding, accessibility of services, and professional development.Training programs for occupational therapists need to be improved, including the integration of specific methods of working with elderly patients affected by the hostilities in Ukraine. Improving the provision of rehabilitation centers with modern equipment and technologies will help to make therapy more effective. It is important to develop and implement a national strategy for the development of occupational therapy that takes into account the specific needs of Ukrainian society, as well as to ensure adequate funding for this area. It is necessary to ensure equal access to occupational therapy services for all segments of the population, especially for the elderly, people with disabilities and those affected by war.Regular training and exchange of experience among practicing occupational therapists will facilitate the introduction of modern evidence-based methods and technologies into practice.Thus, the implementation of these areas will help to increase the effectiveness of occupational therapy and improve the quality of life of older people who have suffered war trauma.Conclusions. Occupational therapy plays a key role inrestoring the functional independence of older people who have suffered war trauma by adapting to new living conditions and improving the quality of their daily existence.Individualized rehabilitation plans that take into account the specific needs and limitations of patients are the basis of effective therapy. Important aspects include professional development of specialists, introduction of modern methods and ensuring accessibility of occupational therapy services for all segments of the population. The implementation of these approaches will help improve the quality of life of older people who have experienced war trauma.

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERVENTIONS TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF OLDER PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA

2025-06-03T12:49:24+03:00

Dementia is a progressive neurocognitive disorder that is diagnosed when one or more cognitive domains are impaired, such as complex attention, executive functions, learning and memory, language, praxis, and social cognition. Dementia is accompanied by a progressive decline in cognitive function, difficulties in performing activities of daily living (ADLs), and the emergence of behavioral and psychological symptoms, which negatively affects the quality of life of patients and their caregivers.One of the approaches that helps to improve the quality of life of people with dementia and their caregivers is occupational therapy. The purpose of the article is to analyse and theoretically substantiate effective occupational therapy approaches in the care of patients with dementia. The study and analysis of foreign scientific papers published in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar databases in recent years and relevant to the topic of the study were carried out.The results of the study confirm the effectiveness of occupational therapy in reducing cognitive and behavioral symptoms of dementia, increasing the level of independence of patients and reducing the burden on their caregivers. Key interventions that help improve the quality of life of patients with dementia have been identified. These include: interventions aimed to improve basic and instrumental activities of daily living, interventions to support social participation and communication, cognitive rehabilitation, reminiscence therapy, music therapy, multisensory interventions, therapeutic gardening, physical activity, interventions aimed at improving sleep quality and eating behavior. Also, the positive impact of caregivers training and adaptation of the environment to support patients’ daily activities was confirmed.The study emphasizes the need for the use of occupational therapy interventions in working with patients with dementia, the importance of further development of occupational therapy approaches in this area in Ukraine, the creation of standardized intervention protocols and the adaptation of international experience to the national healthcare system.

INVESTIGATION OF THE CONTENT OF HYDROXYCINNAMIC ACIDS IN PHYTOSUBSTANCES FROM ZINNIA ELEGANS JACQ. AND ZINNIA ANGUSTIFOLIA KUNTH. HERB OBTAINED BY MACERATION WITH STIRRING

2025-06-03T10:21:34+03:00

The genus Zinnia belongs to the Asteraceae family and includes numerous species originating from North America.Plants of this genus contain various biologically active compounds, such as flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, phenols, anthocyanins, and saponins. Species such as Zinnia elegans Jacq. and Zinnia angustifolia Kunth. exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, hepatoprotective, antimalarial, cytotoxic, and insecticidal properties. Zinnia angustifolia is less common in gardens but is gradually gaining popularity due to its decorative qualities. Zinnia elegans is widely cultivated for its diversity of flower shapes and colors, as well as its low maintenance requirements. Numerous scientific studies highlight the potential of Zinnia species as sources of biologically active compounds with therapeutic potential.The article presents the results of studies on the quantitative determination of the total content of hydroxycinnamic acids in phytosubstances obtained from the herbs of Zinnia elegans Jacq. and Zinnia angustifolia Kunth. by maceration with stirring, using 10 % ethanol as an extractant, at a raw material to extractant ratio of 1:10. The quantitative content of hydroxycinnamic acids, recalculated as chlorogenic acid, was determined by spectrophotometric method using a Lambda 25 Perkin Elmer spectrophotometer (USA).The herbs of Zinnia elegans Jacq. and Zinnia angustifolia Kunth. were collected at the beginning of the flowering period in 2024 in the Lviv region.It was established that the total content of hydroxycinnamic acids in the phytosubstance derived from Zinnia angustifolia Kunth. amounted to (3.98 ± 0.15) %, while in the phytosubstance derived from Zinnia elegans Jacq. it was (3.90 ± 0.06) %.The obtained results indicate the prospects for further phytochemical, microbiological, and pharmacological studies of the phytosubstances from the herbs of Zinnia angustifolia Kunth. and Zinnia elegans Jacq. with the aim of developing plant-based medicinal products and dietary supplements.

THE IMPORTANCE OF PHARMACEUTICAL CARE IN THE CHOICE AND USE OF IRON-CONTAINING MEDICINES IN ADOLESCENTS WITH IRON-DEFICIENT STATES

2025-06-03T10:29:03+03:00

Globally, iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) ranks first among all types of anemia and leads to a poor quality of life and reduced ability to work. Iron deficiency anemia is most common in pregnant women, children, and adolescents.The aim of the study was to investigate the peculiarities of pharmaceutical care in the choice and use of iron-containing medicines, as well as to determine the role of pharmacists in raising awareness of pharmacy visitors (adolescents, adolescent representatives) and ensuring the effectiveness of treatment of adolescents with iron-deficient states.A complex of general scientific and special methods: theoretical, generalization method, data systematization, comparison, methods of studying literary sources, analysis, questionnaire have been used in the present work. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 30 pharmacy visitors (adolescents, representatives of adolescents) who addressed pharmacy for iron-containing drugs for the treatment of iron-deficient states in teenagers.The survey results showed that 66.7% of teenagers had no previous experience using iron-containing drugs. Before purchasing iron-containing drugs for the treatment of IDA, 90% of adolescents consulted a doctor. 83.3% of adolescents bought iron-containing drugs on the recommendation of a doctor, the remaining 16.7% – on the recommendation of a pharmacist. Only 73.3% of respondents read the instructions for use of drugs, including iron-containing ones. 80% of pharmacy visitors always receive proper advice from a pharmacist. Only 66.7% of adolescents take iron preparations correctly.Conclusions. Pharmaceutical care plays an important role in increasing the awareness of adolescents (representatives of adolescents) about iron-containing drugs, providing them with access to informed support. In this context, the contribution of pharmaceutical workers is important. When dispensing iron-containing drugs from the pharmacy, the primary role of the pharmacist is to implement pharmaceutical care and provide an appropriate level of pharmaceutical care to ensure rational and safety treatment of iron-deficient states. An important task is to develop a pharmacist’s protocol to optimize pharmaceutical care when dispensing iron-containing drugs.

RESEARCH ON THE CONTENT OF HYDROXYCINNAMIC ACIDS IN CENTAUREA DEALBATA L. AND BELLIS PERENNIS L.

2025-06-03T10:36:34+03:00

Hydroxycinnamic acids have a wide range of therapeutic effects, useful in the treatment of cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases and liver diseases. In recent decades, the demand for the use of biologically active substances of medicinal plants and herbal preparations based on them has increased significantly. Among these plants are representatives of the Asteraceae family, in particular English daisy and Persian cornflower. B. perennis L. is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of headaches, stomachaches, colds, eye diseases, eczema, skin boils, bruises, fractures, wounds, gastritis, diarrhea, bleeding, rheumatism, inflammatory and infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Plants of the genus Cornflower are used in traditional medicine due to their tonic, expectorant, antipyretic, and antidiarrheal effects. The aim of the study was to determine the quantitative content and component composition of hydroxycinnamic acids in English daisy leaves and Persian cornflower flowers. The objects of the study were English daisy leaves and Persian cornflower flowers, harvested in the Ternopil region in 2024. The quantitative content of the sum of hydroxycinnamic acids in the studied objects in terms of chlorogenic acid was determined by spectrophotometric method. The qualitative composition and quantitative content of individual hydroxycinnamic acids in the studied objects were determined by HPLC on an Agilent Technologies 1200 chromatograph. Among the individual hydroxycinnamic acid compounds identified by us, in the largest amount was chlorogenic acid, the content of which in the leaves of English daisies was 17528.49 μg/g and 2837.24 μg/g in the flowers of Persian cornflower. In the leaves of English daisies, a significant content of quinic acid (1329.55 μg/g) should also be noted. We also determined the quantitative content of the sum of hydroxycinnamic acids in terms of chlorogenic acid by spectrophotometric method. The total quantitative content of the sum of hydroxycinnamic acids in the leaves of English daisies was 1.36 ± 0.02 %, and in the flowers of Persian cornflower – 0.64 ± 0.01 %.

LITERATURE REVIEW OF RESEARCH ON THE SAFETY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF SIBERIAN FIR ESSENTIAL OIL (ABIES SIBIRICA)

2025-06-03T10:43:06+03:00

The article presents a comprehensive literature review of current studies on the chemical composition, pharmacological activity and safety of Siberian fir (Abies sibirica) essential oil. The antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, antihypoxic, larvicidal and adjuvant properties of the oil are analyzed. The effect of the oil on a wide range of bacterial and fungal pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and dermatophytes, is considered. The potential of Siberian fir essential oil in the control of mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti), which are vectors of diseases, is also discussed. The adjuvant activity of natural oils such as Abies sibirica in nanoemulsions may be an important step in reducing the dependence on animals for obtaining active components such as squalene, and may be effective in enhancing the immune response in vaccines. This also opens the way to more environmentally sustainable and ethical approaches in the development of medicinal products. The results of toxicological studies are separately highlighted, which demonstrate low acute toxicity of the oil, but indicate possible negative effects with prolonged use.It is proven that the essential oil can be a promising component of new medicines. The results of scientific research demonstrate the significant potential of Siberian fir essential oil for use as a natural antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent, however, further high-quality research is necessary for its implementation in clinical practice.

FEATURES OF THE CYTOKINE PROFILE IN THE BLOOD SERUM OF GUINEA PIGS UNDER CONDITIONS OF EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC ALVEOLITIS

2025-06-03T10:47:38+03:00

Over the past period, it has been noted that patients with allergic diseases occupy a significant place among visits to medical institutions. In particular, this applies to exogenous alveolitis. Many publications have been published on the role of various physiological, biochemical and immune processes in the pathogenesis of allergic alveolitis. The purpose is to evaluate the role of cytokines TNP–alpha, interleukin–6, and interleukin–10 in the serum of guinea pigs in the formation of allergic alveolitis. Experimental studies on the determination of TNF-alpha, interleukin-6, interleukin-10 were performed in the blood serum of guinea pigs (males) with experimental allergic alveolitis on days 7, 14, 21 of the experiment. The experimental allergic alveolitis was reproduced using the method of Orekhov O.O. The content of these cytokines was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A set of reagents for the quantitative enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay of Hi cytokines manufactured by Diacalone (France) was used. Statistical processing of the data was performed using the Student’s method.The role and significance of some cytokines have been determined: TNF-alpha, interleukin-6, interleukin-10 in different days of development of experimental allergic alveolitis in the blood serum of guinea pigs. In particular, a significant increase in the proinflammatory group of cytokines (TNF-α, interleukin-6) was found at all stages of the inflammatory process. At the same time, a slight increase in anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 was recorded in the early period of allergic alveolitis compared with healthy animals and, conversely, a decrease in its content on day fourteen and twenty-first compared with the control group.In our view, the results obtained may indicate cytokine-mediated lung damage in experimental allergic alveolitis, impaired interconnection between nonspecific body protection systems and specific immunity, and probable involvement of other metabolic and immune disorders.

THE DILEMMA OF DRUG SAFETY: A SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF ANTIDEPRESSANTS BY PREGNANT WOMEN

2025-06-03T10:55:00+03:00

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the complex interplay between antidepressant use and untreated depression during pregnancy. It delves into the multifaceted nature of this issue, balancing the potential risks associated with antidepressant use against the significant implications of untreated maternal depression. The overview synthesizes current research findings, clinical guidelines, and expert opinions to present a nuanced understanding of the topic.Key findings indicate that while antidepressants, especially SSRIs, are generally considered safe for use during pregnancy, they are not without potential risks. These risks, including concerns about neonatal adaptation syndrome and a slight increase in the risk of congenital malformations, need to be weighed against the well-documented dangers of untreated depression. Untreated maternal depression is associated with adverse outcomes for both the mother, such as increased risk of poor self-care and postpartum depression, and the developing fetus, including preterm birth and developmental challenges.The article emphasizes the importance of individualized treatment approaches as advocated by clinical guidelines, highlighting the roles of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions in managing depression during pregnancy. It also identifies areas needing further research, such as the long-term effects of prenatal antidepressant exposure, the comparative efficacy of different treatment modalities, and the impact of socio-cultural factors on treatment outcomes.In conclusion, this overview stresses the critical need for a balanced and informed approach in treating depression during pregnancy. It calls for healthcare providers to carefully weigh the risks and benefits of antidepressant use, with a focus on personalized care to ensure the best possible outcomes for both mother and child.

RESEARCH OF CURRENT GLOBAL TRENDS IN THE BABY FOOD MARKET AND FACTORS AFFECTING THE STATE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE BABY FOOD MARKET IN UKRAINE

2025-06-03T11:00:31+03:00

The article analyzes the baby food market in Ukraine and the world, identifies the main trends in its current development and challenges. Statistical data from Statista Consumer Market Outlook indicate the growth of the global baby food market, which in 2024 amounted to about USD 75.59 billion (average growth rate during 2018–2029 – 5.57 %). Positive and negative trends affecting the development of the domestic baby food market are identified. The main positive factors influencing the development of the baby food market are considered, among which the following should be highlighted: growing demand among consumers (especially among parents) for healthy, so-called “healthy” products; introduction of the concept of “smart” agriculture, which uses advanced technologies: the Internet of Things, computer vision, artificial intelligence, etc. Unfortunately, there is a downward trend in consumer demand for baby food in the domestic market in Ukraine. Attention is focused on the negative factors affecting the industry, namely: the demographic crisis of the Ukrainian population (in 2023, there were three deaths for every newborn Ukrainian); due to the war, Ukraine lost 19.3 % of its sown areas; in 2024, the price of electricity for entrepreneurs increased from 5 600 UAH/MWh to 6 900 UAH/MWh, which led to a rise in the price of baby food; a drop in the purchasing power of the population (GDP decline in 2022 – 18.9 %). For more than two years, the Ministry of Health of Ukraine has been receiving humanitarian aid for baby food from governments and ministries of different countries and international organizations (UNICEF, Medical Life Lines Ukraine, Great Britain, the State Agency for Strategic Reserves of Poland). It is noted that an effective state policy in the field of baby food will lead to the provision of healthy and balanced nutrition for children, as well as provide an opportunity to promote the development of domestic enterprises in the analyzed industry, which is extremely important in the war and post-war period.

EVALUATION OF THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF OINTMENT WITH EXTRACTS OF CHELIDONIUM MAJUS AND CALENDULA OFFICINALIS ON A NATURAL BASIS

2025-06-03T11:33:41+03:00

At present, the pharmaceutical market for herbal medicinal products is regulated by Directive 2004/24/EC on traditional herbal medicinal products, which establishes a strategy for the development of medicinal products containing plant-based raw materials with a long history of use. Guided by the principles of Directive 2004/24/EC, the development of an ointment containing oil extracts of greater celandine (Chelidonium majus L.) and calendula flowers (Calendula officinalis L.), with the addition of native propolis, has been justified for external use to meet the needs of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.For the preparation of the ointment, beeswax was used, which, in combination with oil extracts, ensures an ointment- like consistency. The manufacturing technology was adapted to household conditions, making it easily reproducible.The article presents the results of a study on the rheological properties of an ointment developed for use by military personnel to accelerate wound healing, treat cuts, and manage dermatological conditions. An analysis of the structural and mechanical characteristics of the product was conducted, including viscosity, thixotropic properties, and plastic deformation. The optimal parameters of the ointment base were determined to ensure convenient application, uniform distribution, and prolonged action of active ingredients.The assessment of the consistency properties of the ointment was carried out through rheological studies under the influence of variable temperature factors and mechanical stress affecting the structure of the ointment. The conducted studies indicate the colloidal and thermal stability of the ointment and demonstrate its high spreadability and ease of distribution on the skin surface.

ANALYSIS OF THE POTENTIAL FOR USING BLACK NIGHTSHADE RAW MATERIAL AND ITS PHARMACOTECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH

2025-06-03T11:39:52+03:00

The article presents generalized studies on the analysis of the potential use of black nightshade in medicine and the determination of pharmacotechnological indicators of its raw materials.A common plant used in folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases is black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.). Recently, more and more scientific evidence has been emerging regarding the potential medical value of this plant.Studies have shown that black nightshade contains various biologically active substances (BAS), such as solanine, solasodine, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and others, which have various pharmacological properties. Given the wide range of BAS and powerful pharmacotherapeutic properties of black nightshade, we conducted several physical and pharmacotechnological studies of its raw materials. The process of extracting medicinal plant raw materials (MPRM) has a complex physicochemical nature, which is influenced by variable biopharmaceutical factors, in particular, the degree of grinding of the raw materials, the nature of the extractant, the ratio of raw materials: extractant, temperature, etc. The degree of grinding of MPRM affects the density, its absorption and swelling coefficients, the diffusion rate and the completeness of the extraction of extractive substances. The fractional composition of the obtained samples of raw materials of black nightshade was 7–9 mm. The humidity of medicinal plant raw materials determines its good quality and significantly affects the yield of BAS in the extraction process. According to the results of experimental studies, it was determined that the humidity of black nightshade grass is 9.21 %. Bulk density and bulk volume of raw materials before (0.157 g/ml and 129 ml, respectively) and after (0.164 g/ml and 101 ml, respectively) shrinkage are important pharmacotechnological factors in obtaining extraction preparations, in particular when calculating the loading volume of extractors and in a number of cases determines the economic efficiency of the technological process.

MODERNIZING UKRAINE'S MILITARY HEALTHCARE SYSTEM TO MEET NATO STANDARDS

2025-06-03T11:49:25+03:00

The article addresses the modernization of Ukraine's military medical system in compliance with NATO standards, which is a crucial task amidst the full-scale war and Ukraine's integration into the Euro-Atlantic security framework. The main challenges of medical support in the Armed Forces of Ukraine (AFU) are identified, including the low quality of medical supplies, deficiencies in the evacuation system for the wounded, a lack of trained specialists, and the mismatch of training programs with current requirements.The role of standardization is examined as a key tool for enhancing the effectiveness of medical care for military personnel, particularly through the implementation of the Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) guidelines and NATO standards (STANAG). A detailed analysis of the legal framework governing the harmonization of national standards with international requirements is provided. Attention is focused on the structure of military medical standardization in Ukraine, which encompasses organizational, clinical, material-technical, and educational components.The contribution of volunteer organizations and international partners is explored in providing the military with modern medical protective equipment, organizing the training of combat medics, and adapting NATO best practices. It is noted that the implementation of standards for unifying first aid kits, battlefield medical protocols, evacuation procedures, and technical support contributes to improving the quality of medical care.Special attention is given to the prospects of harmonizing the AFU medical support system with Euro-Atlantic standards, including the digitization of management processes, the creation of a unified medical space, and enhancing the quality of military rehabilitation. The authors emphasize that the success of these reforms depends on overcoming existing challenges such as limited resources, the complexity of adapting standards to Ukrainian conditions, and insufficient training of specialists.The conclusions suggest that standardization of Ukraine's military medicine is a significant step towards improving its defense capabilities, optimizing resource use, and advancing the country’s integration into NATO membership.

STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF CARRIER BASES ON THE BIOPHARMACEUTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE TOPICAL PHARMACOTHERAPEUTIC PRODUCT WITH 2-(((3-(2-FLUOROPHENYL)- 5-MERCAPTO-4H-1,2,4-TRIAZOLE-4-YL)IMINO)METHYL)PHENOL FOR DERMATOLOGICAL HELP

2025-06-03T11:56:08+03:00

Mycosis of the foot, known as a fungal infection of the foot, is a fairly common disease, especially those who are in combat (both servicemen and civilians). Therefore, the development of new topic drugs can expand the possibility of therapy of foot mycosis for patients with contraindications to systemic drugs. Development of cream on the basis of 2-(((3-(2-fluorophenyl)-5-mercapto-4h-1,2,4-triazole-4-yl)imino)methyl)phenol for the treatment and prevention of foot mycosis is a promising area of pharmacy. The creation of such a topic drug will expand the arsenal of effective means of domestic production capable of competing with imported counterparts. This work aims to justify the choice of the optimal base – the carrier for the topical pharmacotherapeutic agent containing the above active substance. The study used specially selected bases for a local drug with antifungal activity. These basics were selected in such a way as to maximize the effectiveness of the drug and minimize the risk of side effects. The main selection criteria were safety for the skin, convenience of use and scientific substantiation of their properties. A series of experiments was intended to check the stability of the developed compositions. All samples made under identical conditions have been tested for stratification resistance under the influence of temperatures and centrifugal forces. The results showed that the compositions retain their properties and do not stratify under such conditions, which allows you to move to the next stage of development. Studies have shown that for better release of the active substance, the most suitable is the emulsion basis of the type “oil/water”.

DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR DETERMINING RESIDUAL AMOUNTS OF TROXERUTIN DURING THE CLEANING OF PHARMACEUTICAL EQUIPMENT FROM GEL FOR EXTERNAL USE

2025-06-03T12:02:46+03:00

Cleaning of pharmaceutical equipment plays an important role in preventing cross-contamination of drugs that are sequentially manufactured on the same equipment. Semisolid dosage forms, such as ointments, gels, and creams, contain hydrophobic components (waxes, oils) and hydrophilic components (gel-forming agents of polyacrylic acids, pectins, etc.), which are poorly soluble in water, dry out, and have the ability to remain on the equipment. These substances are poorly wetted by cleaning agents, thereby limiting the ability to remove product residues from the surfaces of pharmaceutical equipment. In practical pharmacy, research on the transfer of residues from one product to another in a scientifically substantiated manner is relevant to limit the likelihood of adverse reactions and the possibility of a synergistic pharmacological effect between products and their ingredients. We have developed and validated an analytical HPLC method for determining residual amounts of troxerutin during the cleaning of pharmaceutical equipment from a gel for external use. Preliminary analysis of the excipients in commercial topical medicines containing troxerutin has established that all components are water-soluble. The composition of the gels has a high aqueous phase content, and all substances are easily wetted by cleaning agents. Therefore, there is no need to monitor their quantities after equipment cleaning; it is sufficient to use purified water at room temperature and a commercial cleaning agent for the cleaning cycle while monitoring residues of only the active pharmaceutical ingredient, troxerutin. The critical concentration of troxerutin was determined to be 58 ppm. It has been established that the method is characterized by sufficient specificity for the retention time of the analyte peak, with no contribution from the placebo. The requirements for the parameters of linear dependence confirm the linearity of the method for determining troxerutin within the studied concentration range of 25% to 125%. The correlation coefficient (r) of the linear dependence between the introduced and found values for the quantitative content of troxerutin is >0.998, indicating the method’s accuracy. The shelf life of the test and reference solutions was determined to be 14 hours when stored in a light-protected place at a temperature of (20±2)ºC.

THE ROLE OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN THE COURSE OF PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE

2025-06-03T09:27:14+03:00

Our study aimed to highlight all the existing options for interacting with arterial hypertension and pelvic inflammatory diseases. A retrospective cohort study conducted in the United Kingdom found that pelvic inflammatory diseases can lead to an increase in the incidence of hypertension and diabetes. Short-term inflammation is necessary for tissue protection, and chronic and excessive activation of the innate immune system, its depletion leads to harmful maladaptation and chronic inflammation, which, as is known, in the cardiovascular system can most often cause arterial hypertension. Thus, a decrease in immunoresistance in hypertension is one of the provoking factors in the development of pelvic inflammatory diseases. It is known that interleukins and other cytokines are markedly increased in patients with pelvic inflammatory diseases, and an increase in cytokines can cause further endothelial dysfunction, which is one of the leading causes of hypertension. Infectious diseases provoke endothelial dysfunction and, accordingly, can act as initiators of arterial hypertension. It has been shown that Chlamydia trachomatis can affect the walls of arteries and cause inflammation.And, although numerous risk factors contribute to the onset and progression of hypertension, the role of inflammation, immunity, and oxidative stress has been convincingly confirmed by data from many laboratories around the world.Recurrent infection of the genitourinary system as one of the main causes of pelvic inflammatory disease has also been associated with the development of hypertension. The connection between pelvic inflammatory disease and hypertension has been proven, which may be supported by a complex modification of the intestinal, vaginal, and bladder microbiota due to hormonal changes.

PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS IN FOCUS: FROM THE TREATMENT OF ACID-RELATED DISORDERS TO POTENTIAL RISKS

2025-06-03T09:56:46+03:00

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) represent one of the most commonly prescribed classes of medications used for the treatment of acid-related disorders and as a component of eradication therapy. Their efficacy in reducing gastric acid secretion and preventing complications has been repeatedly confirmed in both clinical practice and numerous studies.Despite their high effectiveness and relatively favorable safety profile in short-term use, PPIs have drawn increasing scientific attention due to the growing body of evidence regarding potential adverse effects associated with long-term administration. Impaired absorption of micronutrients, infections, dysbiosis, an elevated risk of osteoporotic fractures, and cardiovascular complications are among the potential concerns linked to these agents.Furthermore, some studies suggest a possible association between prolonged PPI use and an increased risk of chronic kidney disease, dementia, and even malignancies. The mechanisms underlying these adverse effects remain a subject of ongoing debate, emphasizing the need for a judicious approach to prescribing PPIs. Increasing attention is being given to deprescribing strategies and the use of alternative methods for managing acid-related disorders. Another critical aspect is determining the optimal duration of therapy, individualized dose selection, and regular monitoring for potential complications. Future research aims to elucidate the long-term risks of PPI therapy and develop new strategies for their safer use. Thus, balancing the benefits and potential risks of PPIs remains a key challenge in gastroenterological practice.A patient-centered approach plays a crucial role in mitigating risks, including educating patients on potential complications and the importance of adherence to PPI therapy recommendations. Additionally, the potential for combined therapeutic regimens, which allow for reduced dosage or dosing frequency, is actively being explored. A significant direction for future research involves the identification of novel pharmacological agents capable of effectively controlling acid secretion while minimizing adverse effects.

PATHOLOGICAL DISORDERS OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE DIAPHRAGM OF RATS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF MECHANICAL JAUNDICE AND PNEUMOPERITONEUM

2025-06-03T10:03:22+03:00

Despite the advantages, laparoscopic surgery and carbon dioxide affect many organs and systems of the body, such as the brain, lungs, kidneys and liver. In the presence of pneumoperitoneum, during laparoscopic surgery, the diaphragm is displaced caudal by 2–3 cm, thereby reducing lung volume. The aim of the work was to investigate the histological features of changes in the costal part of the diaphragm of rats with simulated obstructive jaundice and the effect of intra- abdominal pressure of 5 mmHg, created by carbon dioxide insufflation, similar to pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopy.We divided 80 healthy sexually mature rats, 6 months old, into 6 experimental groups. Obstructive jaundice was simulated under anesthesia by creating a laparotomic access through which the pyloric part of the stomach and duodenum were removed, after which the common bile duct and pancreatic duct were visualized and the common bile duct was ligated.Pneumoperitoneum was formed by insufflation of carbon dioxide using the KARL STORZ electronic laparoflator 264300 20 insufflator. Histological material was stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The results obtained showed that under the influence of bilirubin intoxication, circulatory disorders were detected in the microcirculatory system and medium-sized vessels. Morphological signs of endothelial dysfunction were observed. Small lymphocytic infiltrates were also detected in the endomysium and perimysium. On longitudinal sections, transverse striation was often weakly expressed or not visualized. There were foci of sarcoplasmic decay and fragmentation of the fibers themselves. Under the influence of intra-abdominal pressure, a deterioration of the morphological picture was noted. The intermuscular spaces were distinguished by increased cellular infiltration. On longitudinal sections, fibers of different diameters, myofibrils are unevenly stained and defibered, transverse striation is also uneven and weakly expressed. In summary, based on the obtained histological data, it was stated that mechanical jaundice leads to structural reorganization of the diaphragm and the injury caused by pneumoperitoneum depends on the duration of intra-abdominal pressure.

IMPACT OF COVID-19 PNEUMONIA ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH LOWER LIMB VESSEL ATHEROSCLEROSIS

2025-06-03T10:11:09+03:00

It has been proven that the COVID-19 virus negatively affects the functioning of blood vessels and its complications, among which pneumonia occupies a prominent place on the development and progression of cardiovascular events. In general, during the period of the coronavirus infection pandemic, the general health of patients with atherosclerosis of the lower extremities worsened, as evidenced by the increase in scores in this group on the VascuQol-6 questionnaire.This is due to significant restrictions on the implementation of various types of activities. Since after suffering COVID- 19-associated pneumonia, many patients face shortness of breath, chronic fatigue, decreased exercise tolerance, and cognitive impairment, and thereby significantly limit their daily activity, the parallels of the quality of life in atherosclerosis of the lower extremities and pneumonia caused by coronavirus can be combined into one line. These indicators lead to a decrease in the emotional and social well-being of such patients. It is important to recognize that the symptoms of atherosclerosis are significantly complicated after COVID-19 associated pneumonia, and as a result, seriously reduce the quality of life of such patients. Studies show that even after recovery, some patients have a reduced oxygen saturation, which requires additional therapy and rehabilitation measures. Patients’ perception of the disease and quality of life is often underestimated in clinical practice. However, as we can see, it significantly impacts physical disease. It is unfair that the treatment of a potentially curable disease is put to sleep at the expense of another. Inpatient treatment for vascular surgery cannot be reduced or stopped in any hospital. Care systems must offer high-quality care for symptomatic vascular disease at all times, but especially for patients who have had COVID-19 and its complications.

MENTAL HEALTH OF VOLUNTEERS DURING WARTIME: FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROTIC AND STRESS-ASSOCIATED DISORDERS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR CORRECTION THROUGH THE “PROBLEM MANAGEMENT PLUS” INTERVENTION

2025-06-03T10:17:45+03:00

Volunteering in wartime conditions is associated with high levels of stress, frequent changes in the location of aid delivery, the need for rapid decision-making, emotional burnout, and direct or indirect exposure to psychotraumatic factors. This leads to an increased risk of developing neurotic and stress-related disorders among volunteers due to constant exposure to risk factors. In this regard, studying the determinants of mental disorders in this group and analyzing effective approaches to their correction is of particular relevance. One of the promising methods is scalable psychological interventions recommended by the WHO for individuals in distress, particularly the “Problem Management Plus” (PM+) program. Despite growing attention to mental health issues during the war, the prevalence and correction methods of non-psychotic mental disorders among volunteers in Ukraine remain insufficiently studied. Objective: to investigate the predictors of development and correction methods of neurotic and stress-related disorders among volunteers engaged in humanitarian aid during wartime. Materials and methods: the study employed psychodiagnostic techniques, a socio- demographic questionnaire, a survey on factors affecting mental health, clinical and psychopathological examination, and content analysis of scientific sources on the application of the PM+ intervention for correcting neurotic and stress- related disorders. The sample consisted of 288 volunteers aged 18–60 years with varying levels of volunteer experience. Analysis of personalized questionnaires revealed that the key factors contributing to the development of neurotic and stress- related disorders among volunteers were: a sense of lack of prospects (39.2%); inability to adapt to a new environment (58.3%); difficulties in assimilating new norms and rules (55.8%); separation or breakup with loved ones (43.3%); deterioration of material and living conditions (65%); forced change of professional activity (23.3%); negative influence of mass media (42.3%); interpersonal conflicts in the team (34.3%); and a feeling of isolation among others (21.1%).For clinical and psychopathological examination, 114 volunteers (39.58% of the sample) were selected. According to the results, 82 participants met the ICD-10 criteria for the diagnosis of neurotic and stress-related disorders. Thus, volunteering during wartime is associated with an increased risk of developing mental disorders. To mitigate this risk, it is necessary to implement psychological support systems and enhance volunteers’ awareness of their own mental health.Scalable psychological interventions, particularly the PM+ program, may be an effective component in correcting these conditions. Further research is needed to adapt the intervention to the Ukrainian context and integrate it into national protocols for the treatment of non-psychotic mental disorders.