PECULIARITIES OF THE SOMATIC STATUS OF THE ELDERLY ADULTS WITH ADENTIA AS A JUSTIFICATION FOR THE SPECIFICITY OF GERIATRIC REHABILITATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/health-2024.2.26Keywords:
geriatrics and gerontology, geriatric syndromes, rehabilitation, adentia, maxillofacial region, dental dysfunctions, malnutrition, risk of falling.Abstract
Purpose – to study the peculiarities of the course of geriatric syndromes (malnutrition, senile asthenia (frailty), risk of falling) in elderly people with secondary adentia and the possibility of their correction by means of physical therapy. Materials and methods. 42 elderly people with secondary adentia were examined. The comparison group consisted of 13 people whose dental defects were compensated by dental prosthetic structures. The basis of the group consisted of 29 people with uncorrected incomplete secondary dentition. The main group 1 consisted of 15 people in whom the number of lost teeth was less than 16 available; main group 2 – 14 people with more than 16 missing teeth. The rehabilitation intervention lasted 3 months, consisted of nutritional correction of malnutrition, therapeutic exercises for facial and masticatory muscles, tongue, neck, breathing exercises, balance training, strength coordination with the use of progressive training with using Thera-Band expanders for 3 months. The results of the intervention were evaluated by Oral Health Impact Profile-14, Mini nutritional assessment, Short Physical Performance Battery, hand dynamometry, Berg Balance Scale. Results. The use of the rehabilitation program led to a decrease in the severity of malnutrition (according to the Mini nutritional assessment), an improvement in strength (according to hand dynamometry), balance (according to the Short Physical Performance Battery), a decrease in the risk of falling (according to the Berg Balance Scale), but did not lead to an improvement in the quality of life, related to dental health (according to the Oral Health Impact Profile-14). The amount of adentia (the number of lost teeth) negatively affected the severity of geriatric syndromes. Conclusions. Taking into account the physical, mental, social and financial characteristics of elderly patients, the implementation of dental prosthetics to reduce the severity of malnutrition is not always available, increasing the risk of geriatric syndromes and increasing the need for motor correction of their consequences. Rehabilitation of elderly patients with adentia should be long-term and multidisciplinary – involving not only dentists, but also motor rehabilitation specialists.
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