PATHOGENETIC FEATURES OF PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES IN CONDITIONS CARDIOMETABOLIC DISORDERS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/health-2024.3.1Keywords:
pelvic inflammatory diseases, cardiometabolic disorders, obesity, diabetes, hypertensionAbstract
The term “cardiometabolic risk” is used to refer to those factors that contribute to the development of both cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. According to the latest scientific data, several key pathogenetic features link cardiometabolic disorders and diseases of the pelvic organs, namely: a change in the immune response; endocrine disorders; adipose tissue and inflammation; microbiome imbalance; behavioral risk factors. A history of PID can be a marker for the future development of hypertension and diabetes (type 2), two major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. A study was conducted in Taiwan where the increase in PID was positively correlated with the number of strokes. Chronic infection and atherosclerosis are associated with cytokines, endothelial dysfunction, oxidized lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, or elevated C-reactive protein. Interleukins and other cytokines are markedly increased in patients with PID. Increased cytokines may cause further endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. One of the potential mechanisms between PID and cardiometabolic abnormalities is direct invasion of the arterial vasculature. Several studies have identified Chlamydia trachomatis in cardiovascular tissue, suggesting that it may play a role in the development of cardiovascular disease through local effects. A second potential mechanism involves systemic responses to (indirect) effects of infection. Molecular components of pathogens can be structurally similar (molecular mimicry) to host proteins, leading to cross-reactivity because the immune system recognizes host proteins as foreign. The increased glucose level in the blood in diabetes damages small blood vessels. This, in turn, disrupts blood circulation in the organs of the small pelvis, causing chronic inflammatory processes, slowing tissue healing, and creating a favorable environment for the development of infections.
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