MODERN METHODS OF DIAGNOSTIC AND TREATMENT OF SNORING AND OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA
Keywords:
apnea, hypopnea, polysomnography, neurostimulation, uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, CPAP therapyAbstract
Snoring and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome can cause the development of cardiovascular pathology and disorders of the nervous system, so they deserve special attention from doctors of various specialties. It is known that with age and after 60 years, more than half of the population, both female and male articles, are concerned. Depending on the severity of the process and the number of episodes of apnea, patients are in a state of hypoxia, which has a significant impact on all organs and systems of the body. Therefore, timely and comprehensive diagnosis is the key to effective treatment of these patients, as well as prevention of diseases of the cardiovascular and nervous systems. The purpose of our literature review was to expand knowledge about modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, which can be useful for practicing doctors, scientists and patients. Today, polysomnography remains the gold standard for diagnosing breathing disorders during sleep, which allows you to study the state of the nervous, respiratory and cardiovascular systems, as well as determine the degree of severity based on the number of episodes of apnea. Technological progress allows today to simplify the diagnostic procedure, and the use of special applications for modern smartphones allows monitoring at home and establishing the level of pathology with a high degree of reliability. The gold standard in treatment remains the method of creating constant positive pressure in the respiratory tract, but today surgical methods, uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, as well as stimulation of the hyoid nerve have proven themselves, especially when the method of creating constant positive pressure is contraindicated for patients. To date, neurostimulation using the Inspire Medical Systems system has demonstrated its effectiveness. This control system allows remote control of the nerves innervating the tongue and airway muscles, which is an effective method. The use of modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome have proven their effectiveness, which is a significant step for the prevention of the development of diseases of the cardiovascular and nervous systems. Despite significant progress, some issues remain unresolved, namely: there is no evidence base that treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome prevents the development of cardiovascular pathology, and the use of surgical treatment methods can give short-term effects and after some time the pathology can return. These issues require further research in order to improve methods of diagnosis and treatment.
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