PATHOGENETIC GROUNDING OF INFERTILITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE PELVIC ORGANS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/health-2025.3.1Keywords:
pelvic inflammatory diseases, pathogenesis, infertility, inflammatory mediators, fertility disorders, diagnostic markersAbstract
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a serious medical and social problem, as it occupies one of the leading places among the causes of female infertility. It is known that 10–30% of women after an episode of PID develop persistent reproductive disorders caused by damage to the fallopian tubes, the development of adhesions, chronic endometritis, and changes in the endometrial microbiota. A key pathogenic factor is chronic inflammation, which is characterized by the activation of immune cells, disruption of decidualization and embryo implantation processes, and an imbalance in the cytokine and growth factor system. Of particular importance is chlamydial infection, which is often asymptomatic, but contributes to the formation of salpingitis, hydrosalpinx, and salpingitis isthmica nodosa syndrome, which are directly related to tubal infertility and an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy. Modern studies also demonstrate the role of endometrial microbiota in the occurrence of implantation disorders and miscarriage, which makes the study of chronic endometritis as a key link in pathogenesis relevant. In clinical practice, the issue of diagnosis and timely treatment of PID remains relevant. The use of laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, as well as modern molecular methods for identifying pathogens allows to increase the accuracy of diagnosis. At the same time, antibacterial therapy, combined anti-inflammatory strategies and the use of assisted reproductive technologies (in particular, IVF) open up opportunities for restoring reproductive potential. Thus, PID has a long-term and systemic impact on women's reproductive health.In-depth study of pathogenetic mechanisms, improvement of diagnostics and individualization of therapy are the key to preventing infertility and increasing the effectiveness of treatment of patients with this pathology.
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