SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICES IN PHYSICAL THERAPY: FROM THEORY TO CLINICAL APPLICATION

Abstract

Modern physical therapy, as a dynamically developing branch of health care, is faced with constantly increasing demands for the effectiveness, safety and validity of therapeutic interventions. In this context, evidence-based practices (EBP) are becoming not just a desirable element, but a necessary basis for clinical decision-making. This article analyzes in depth the concept of EBP in physical therapy, considering it as an integrative process that combines three key components: the best available scientific evidence obtained as a result of high-quality research (systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials); clinical experience and expert knowledge of the physical therapist, which allow interpreting the evidence and adapting it to the individual needs of the patient; and individual values, preferences and expectations of the patient, which are central to shared decision-making about treatment. The article describes in detail five main stages of implementing EBP in clinical practice. This includes clearly formulating a clinical question using the PICO format; systematically searching for relevant and high-quality evidence in specialized databases (e.g., PubMed, Cochrane Library, PEDro); critically appraising the evidence for validity, reliability, and clinical relevance using standardized tools; directly integrating the evidence with the patient’s own clinical experience and individual needs to develop an optimal treatment plan; and finally, evaluating the effectiveness of the intervention and reflecting on the results to further improve practice. Particular attention is paid to current challenges that complicate the widespread and effective use of PRP. These include the lack of high-quality research in some narrow areas of physical therapy, the difficulty of generalizing research findings to a specific patient due to their unique characteristics, barriers to access to scientific information, and the lack of critical appraisal skills among professionals. Resistance to change and the persistence of traditional clinical habits are also considered. The article concludes with perspectives and ways to overcome existing barriers, including the need to conduct more high-quality clinical research, develop and implement national clinical guidelines, improve the availability of scientific resources, organize continuing education and training for physical therapists, and foster a culture of critical thinking and accountability for decisions made. It is noted that the effective implementation of EPR is key to ensuring high-quality, safe, and patient-centered physical therapy, which contributes to increasing its effectiveness and strengthening public trust in the profession.