DISRUPTION OF THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA AS A KEY FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHONEUROLOGICAL DYSFUNCTIONS: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENTIFIC STUDY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/health-2025.4.5Keywords:
neuropsychological diseases; dysbiosis; gut–microbiome–brain axis; probiotics; neurodegenerative diseases.Abstract
Background. In recent decades, the role of intestinal flora in human health and disease has become the subject of extensive study. Researchers have found that intestinal bacteria are not only involved in digestion but also affect the immune system, metabolism, and the functioning of the central nervous system. In particular, disturbances in the balance of intestinal bacteria, known as dysbiosis, are associated with the development of various neuropsychiatric disorders. Aim and objectives. The purpose of the article is to conduct a comprehensive interdisciplinary analysis of the impact of intestinal microbiota disorders on neuropsychiatric diseases and to evaluate potential therapeutic strategies to influence the microbiota. Research methods. The article conducted a systematic literature review using the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar databases, covering research in recent years. Clinical, experimental, systematic review, and meta-analytic studies were included. Research results. The analysis shows that intestinal dysbiosis, in particular a decrease in the level of Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium and an increase in Proteobacteria and other opportunistic species, is associated with disorders of neurotransmitter metabolism, increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, impaired immune system function and the formation of autoantibodies, which contributes to the development of depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, autism, as well as neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. In accordance with disorders in the functioning of the «gut-microbiome-brain,» there are changes in cognitive, emotional, and behavioural processes, as well as an impact on the pathogenetic mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders. The literature also emphasises the potential therapeutic effects of probiotics, prebiotics, functional products, and antioxidant support on the microbiome, which can help correct dysbiosis, reduce inflammation, and improve patients' neuropsychiatric conditions. Conclusions. The results of generalised studies indicate the key role of the intestinal microbiota in the development of neuropsychological disorders and open new prospects for personalised approaches to the prevention and treatment of these diseases. This direction makes the topic relevant for further scientific and clinical research.
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