THE USE OF KINESITHERAPY IN THE COMPLEX REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PAIN SYNDROME OF THE LUMBAR SPINE

Abstract

Osteochondrosisas a cause of chronic pain in the lumbar spine develops due to a combination of factors such as genetic predisposition, sedentary lifestyle, excessive loads, injuries, and metabolic disorders, leading to loss of elasticity in intervertebral discs, their flattening, protrusions or hernias, with subsequent compression of neural structures and symptoms like localized pain, movement restrictions, muscles pasms, and neurological disturbances. Kinesitherapy serves as an effective rehabilitation method, based on dosed physical loads for function restoration, with principles of individualization, gradualness, painlessness, regularity, complexity, and control, aimed at reducing pain through improved circulation, spasm relief, and biomechanics restoration, strengthening the muscle corset, posture normalization, mobility increase, tissue trophism improvement, and nerve decompression. Objective: to theoretically substantiate the effectiveness of kinesitherapy in the comprehensive rehabilitation of patients with chronic pain syndrome of the lumbar spine. Methods: theoretical analysis and synthesis of scientific and methodological literature, systematization and generalization of data on the application of kinesitherapy in degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine. Results: it was established that kinesitherapy is an effective method of rehabilitation for patients with chronic pain syndrome of the lumbar spine. The main principles of kinesitherapy were determined: individualization, gradualness, painlessness, regularity, complexity, and control. The stages of rehabilitation were substantiated: acute period with passive exercises and unloading, recovery period with active exercises and muscle corset strengthening, maintenance period for relapse prevention. It was proven that the application of kinesitherapy contributes to pain reduction, restoration of spinal mobility, strengthening of the muscle corset, and improvement of patients’ quality of life. Conclusions: kinesitherapy is a scientifically grounded method of comprehensive rehabilitation that provides pain syndromereduction, restoration of functional capabilities of the spine, and prevention of relapses in patients with chronic low back pain.