КОМПЛЕКС ФІЗИЧНОЇ РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЇ ПРИ ХРОНІЧНОМУ БОЛЬОВОМУ СИНДРОМІ ВНАСЛІДОК ДЕГЕНЕРАТИВНИХ ЗМІН ХРЕБТА

Abstract

Spinal osteochondrosis is one of the leading causes of chronic pain syndrome and decreased work capacity among young and middle-aged individuals. Degenerative-dystrophic changes in the intervertebral discs, vertebral bodies, and ligamentous-muscular structures result in impaired spinal biomechanics, segmental instability, and the development of neurological complications. Chronic back pain is a multifactorial condition involving not only structural alterations but also functional disturbances of the central nervous system, which necessitates a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to treatment and rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to substantiate the effectiveness of a comprehensive physical rehabilitation program for chronic pain syndrome caused by degenerative spinal changes and to evaluate its impact on pain intensity, segmental mobility, and overall functional status in working-age patients. Contemporary scientific data concerning the pathogenesis of osteochondrosis and the role of muscular dysfunction in the persistence of chronic pain were analyzed. The developed rehabilitation program includes therapeutic exercises, kinesiotherapy, hydro-kinesiotherapy, postural correction techniques, traction therapy, physiotherapeutic procedures, and therapeutic massage. Particular emphasis is placed on restoring motor control, strengthening deep spinal stabilizing muscles, normalizing muscle tone, and developing proper movement patterns. Additional techniques such as post-isometric relaxation, myofascial release, and fitball training are incorporated to enhance therapeutic effectiveness. Implementation of the comprehensive program resulted in reduced pain intensity, improved spinal mobility, increased tolerance to physical activity, and enhanced quality of life. Comprehensive physical rehabilitation represents a pathogenetically substantiated, safe, and effective approach that facilitates long-term functional recovery and prevention of recurrent exacerbations in patients with degenerative spinal disorders