EFFECTS AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF CANNABIDIOL IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/health-2023.4.14Keywords:
cannabidiol, cannabinoids, hemp, cardiovascular system, hypertension, ischemia, heart attack, cardiomyopathy, vasodilation, cardiovascular complications of diabetesAbstract
Cannabis sativa contains more than 100 phytocannabinoids, the most important of which are Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). THC is the main psychoactive ingredient in cannabis, responsible for the main effects associated with the use of the plant. CBD is considered a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid, does not cause addiction or serious side effects. A few scientific articles have been published that demonstrate the potential therapeutic effects of CBD in various diseases. Basic and clinical studies have shown that CBD has multidirectional properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anticonvulsant, as well as various effects such as neuroprotective, procognitive, anti-anxiety, anti-psychotic and anti-proliferative. The goal is to evaluate the effects and therapeutic potential of cannabidiol in cardiovascular diseases based on the analyzed results of experimental and clinical use of cannabidiol. Materials. The results of the included studies were selected based on a search of the online databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar for documents related to the effects of CBD on the cardiovascular system. The keywords used were “cannabidiol”, “endocannabinoid system”, “cannabinoid receptors”, “endocannabinoids”, “cardiovascular system”, “cardiovascular diseases”. 164 sources were selected for analysis, of which 43 were used that met the search criteria. Results. Based on the analysis of experimental and clinical studies, it was established that cannabidiol can have different effects on the cardiovascular system due to the presence of a complex mechanism of action. Despite its vasodilator properties, CBD has not been shown to have hypotensive effects in experimental models of hypertension, but CBD has been found to reduce stress-induced increases in blood pressure in humans and experimental animals. In experimental studies of acute ischemia or myocardial infarction, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy caused by hyperglycemia, the high cardioprotective potential of CBD was determined. In these experimental models of heart disease, CBD reduced myocardial damage and dysfunction, inflammatory processes in the vessel wall and myocardium, and eliminated the adverse effects of hyperglycemia by reducing oxidative and nitrative stress. Conclusions. Despite the results and achievements, further experimental and clinical studies are needed to determine the dose, possible side effects with long-term use of CBD, when interacting with drugs administered at the same time, in order to recommend its use for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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