SOCIAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL ASPECTS OF THE USE OF DRUGS IN SPORTS. MESSAGE 2. ANALYSIS OF THE WADA PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES LISTS FOR 2020 AND 2025

Abstract

Our comparative study concerned the WADA Lists of Prohibited Substances (hereinafter referred to as the List) for 2020 and 2025. It was found that the largest number of substances are groups S1 and S6 (70 and 73 substances, respectively, in the 2020 List; 79 and 81 in 2025), the smallest is S4 (4 substances unchanged for 5 years); the largest absolute increase in the number of substances included over 5 years is in groups: S1, S6 and S2 (9, 8 and 7 new substances were included for the period 2021–2025, respectively), and the largest relative increase in groups in quantitative terms (increase in% for 2021–2025 compared to the total number of substances in the 2020 List) is characteristic of group S9 (45.5%); only one substance was added to groups S7 and P1 (8.3% and 5.3% increase, respectively).The next stage of the study was the analysis of the 2025 List for the presence of medicines in it. It was found that group S1 includes 4 medicines by international non-proprietary names (mesterolone, testosterone, tibolone and darbepoetin), S2 – 6 (roxadustat, chorionic gonadotropin, goserelin, leuprorelin, triptorelin and xenon); S3 – 8 (fenoterol, formoterol, indacaterol, olodaterol, salbutamol, salmeterol, terbutaline and vilaterol), S4 – 10 (anastrolone, exemestane, letrozole, fulvestrant, tamoxifen, toremifene, meldonium, trimetazidine, clomiphene and insulin), S5 – 16 (chlorthalidone, furosemide, indapamide, spironolactone, hydrochlorothiazide, torasemide, acetazolamide, dorzolamide, brinzolamide, albumin, dextran, mannitol, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, desmopressin, drospirenone), S6 – 4 (epinephrine, methylphenidate, nikethamide and selegiline), S7 – 6 drugs (fentanyl, morphine, oxycodone, tramadol, methadone and buprenorphine), S9 – 10 (dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, prednisolone, prednisone, beclomethasone, mometasone, budesonide, betamethasone and fluticasone), P1 – 10 (atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, carvedilol, esmolol, metoprolol, nebivolol, propranolol, sotalol and timolol). We also analyzed the above-mentioned drugs in terms of their distribution by pharmacotherapeutic groups according to the first and second levels of the ATX classification, pharmacological effects and availability of drugs on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine.