PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS IN FOCUS: FROM THE TREATMENT OF ACID-RELATED DISORDERS TO POTENTIAL RISKS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/health-2025.1.2Keywords:
acid-related disorders, proton pump inhibitors, mechanism of action, adverse effects, safety, risk, benefitAbstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) represent one of the most commonly prescribed classes of medications used for the treatment of acid-related disorders and as a component of eradication therapy. Their efficacy in reducing gastric acid secretion and preventing complications has been repeatedly confirmed in both clinical practice and numerous studies.Despite their high effectiveness and relatively favorable safety profile in short-term use, PPIs have drawn increasing scientific attention due to the growing body of evidence regarding potential adverse effects associated with long-term administration. Impaired absorption of micronutrients, infections, dysbiosis, an elevated risk of osteoporotic fractures, and cardiovascular complications are among the potential concerns linked to these agents.Furthermore, some studies suggest a possible association between prolonged PPI use and an increased risk of chronic kidney disease, dementia, and even malignancies. The mechanisms underlying these adverse effects remain a subject of ongoing debate, emphasizing the need for a judicious approach to prescribing PPIs. Increasing attention is being given to deprescribing strategies and the use of alternative methods for managing acid-related disorders. Another critical aspect is determining the optimal duration of therapy, individualized dose selection, and regular monitoring for potential complications. Future research aims to elucidate the long-term risks of PPI therapy and develop new strategies for their safer use. Thus, balancing the benefits and potential risks of PPIs remains a key challenge in gastroenterological practice.A patient-centered approach plays a crucial role in mitigating risks, including educating patients on potential complications and the importance of adherence to PPI therapy recommendations. Additionally, the potential for combined therapeutic regimens, which allow for reduced dosage or dosing frequency, is actively being explored. A significant direction for future research involves the identification of novel pharmacological agents capable of effectively controlling acid secretion while minimizing adverse effects.
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